Broaching machine



Nov. 20, 1928.

J. OAKLEY BROACHING MACHINE Filed sept. 22, 192s FIG. I

2 Sheets-Sheet A TTORNE Y.

Nov. 20, 1928. 1,692,564

J. OAKLEY BROAGHING MACHINE Filed sepnzz, 192e 2 sheets-sheet 2 60 ir@ 48 ATTORNEY.

Patented Nov. 2o, 192e.

UNITED STATES l 1,692,564 I4raffle-.lar 'oFF1cE.-

JOHN oAxLEY, or srnINGErELn, innssAeH'csE'TTs,l AssrGNon, mi HEsNE ASSIGN- MENTS, To PERKINS MAGHINEAND GEAR eoMPANHjor. SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHU- sETTs, A coEroHATIoN or MASSACHUSETTS. c

EnoAcHrNG MACHINE.

Application led September 22, 1926. Serial No. 137,014.

My invention relates to improvements in machines for finishing plain surfaces, and consists generally of a suitable frame, a fixed broach or bronches, means, preferably in the 5 form of anendless chain or its luivalent, to carry the work in a strai htpat in contact with said broach or broaclies,

when required, driving mechanism yforthe carrier or chain, and such other parts and Hl lmembers as may be necessary or desirable'in order to 4render the [machine complete and serviceable in every respect, all as hereinafter set forth. f

The prima object of my invention isfto .5 produce a maxlzviiine wherewith ina practically continuous operation objects, suchas castellated nuts, can be accurately and expeditiously produced from cylindrical blanks previously bored and internally screw-threaded.

This machine is comparatively .inexpensive and simple in-f'construction and also vsimple in operation.

In thisy mach-ine the object to bebroachedv may have its sides progressivelyv formed in pairs while said object, travels `continuously lthrough `themachine, and also may have'slots ycut in the upperfendthereof in correspondence numerically with the sides formed thereon. If the obj-ect to be 'produced be `a hexagonal nut, two opposite sldes ofthe same and two slots are first cut, the slots being in the l top, then two. more oppositesides and two additional slots are cut, andnally'thelast two sides and .the last two slots are cut. f The bronches/for cutting the slots may be omitted, in which event only the sides of the object Vare cut; a four-sided object can be cut. as well as a six-sided object, or an object may befinished on one side only;l andit is possibleto cut an object Having more than six-sides, in my machine, as-will hereinafter' more clearly appear.

in the course of the following description.

I attain the objects and secure the advantages of my invention by the mechanism illustrated in the A accompanying drawings, in whichV Figure l is a top plan, without the superimposed plate, broach holder, and broaches,

of a machine which embodies a practical form of my invention, said machine being equipped to produce hexagonal, castellated nuts; Fig.

2, a lon itudinal, vertical section through said mac ine, with parts .in elevation; Fig.

. cuts made by the broaches in said work ;'Fig.

indexing means- 3, a greatly enlarged,"top plan of fragments ofthe uide, one of the work-holding members wlthtiework thereon, and the index-wheel on said member, showingthe first or initial 4, a similar plan showingthe second setof cuts, after the first indexing operation; Fig.

5, still another plan of` a similar character showing the last s et of cuts, after the'second indexing operation; Fig.' 6, an enlarged, bot- 6h -tom plan of a. fragmentary portion of the broa'ch holder, with lportions in placethereinl of the `b'roachesl in oneset; Fig. 7,'an enlarged, top plan of a fragmentary portion of the sprocket-chain andl the workholding and -indexing p'arts and members carried thereby, and also' a section through 'a portion of the sprocket-chain guide; Fig. 8, a transverse,

, vertical sectionithrough the machine, taken on lines 8-8',-looking in the direction of the 75 associated' arrow, in Fig. 2; Fig. 9, an enlarged',transverse, vertical section, on lines 9-9, looking in the direction of the associated arrow,.Fig. 2, and, Fig-10, a bottom plan similar -to Fig. '6, but,showin a side-cutting broach on one side only, and no end-cutting broach.

Similar reference characters designate similar part-s throughout the several views'.

The leftand right-hand ends of the machine, as disposed in the first two views, are

`the frontend rear ends, respectively; andthe lower and upper sides of said machine, as disposed in Fig. l, are the front and back sides, respectively. .f l

vThe frame of the machine, illustrated in 4connection herewith, comprises a hollow base 1 in which is a compartment 2 to receive the chips and waste matter produced during the -broaching operation, two' parallel walls 3 95 v rising from the top of said base and extending v lengthwise thereof, a'horizontal fioor or supther objects and advantages will appear' port 4 extending between said walls but havof the walls, and platforms or beds 5`and 6, 100 the latter being at a somewhat yhigher elevation than the former. The beds 5 and 6 are forwardof the front wall 3, and together constitute a top part for a portion of the base l. The bed 6 is located at the rear end and the -105 bed 5 intermediate of the ends of the-frame, and the former extends beyond the back end of the base l. A clean-out door 7 is provided at the front end of the compartment 2,. A plate l0 is mounted on the walls 3, over the 110 space between them, and bolted or otherwise secured to said walls.

Secured to the bed 6 adjacent to the front and rearl edges thereof is an upright 11, and

also secured to said bed are two hushed bearings 12. The bearings 12 are in line with each other, and 'so 'ositioned as to locate their axial centers in a p ane between the upright 11 and the front wall 3. A motor 13 is secured to the bed with the axis of themotor shaft 14 in ,aline with the aforesaid axial centers of the y/ bearings 12. A shaft 15 is journaled in the front wall 3. At the top of the upright 11 is am bushed bearing 17, and in line with this bear-` ing are two hushed bearings 18 in the walls 3. A transverse shaft 19 is jonrnaled in the bearings 17 and 18. The walls 3, adjacent to their front ends, are provided with other bushed bearings 18, and a shaft 20 is journaled in said bearings. The shaft 20 is similar to the shaft 19 except that the former is shorter than the latter. The' shafts 19 and 20 are in the same horizontal plane, and mounted on each be.- tween .the walls 3 is a sprocket-wheel 21. Mounted on and secured to the shaft 19 inside of the bearing 17 is a worm-wheel 22 which intermeshes with the worm 16. A sprocketchain 23 connects the sprocket-wheels 21. The sprocket-chain 23 is the carrier for the work.

When the motor 13 is in operation, its shaft 14 drives the shaft 15 and the worm 16, and

said worm drives the wormwheel 22, the shaft 19, t-he sprocket-wheel 21 on said shaft 19, and the sprocket-chain 23 and front sprocketwheel 21. f

A guide 24 for the upper reach of the s rocket-chain 23, which upper reach passes a ove the floor 4, is provided for said sprocket-chain. The guide 24 is let into and bolted or otherwise secured -to the floor 4, in

the Vlongitudinal center of the space between the walls 3; and said guide is in the form of an open-end channel having at the top inwardly-extendin-gfianges -55 between which is a longitudinal vslot 56-see Figs. 1 and 9. There arealso twp pairs of oppositely-disposed, transverse slots or recesses 57 in the top of the guide 24,.intermediate of the ends thereof, as can be plainly seen inlFig. 1. A plurality of anti-friction rollers'25 may be provided for that portion of the sprocketchain 23 which passes through the guide 24, said rollers having their ends journaled in one side of said guide and in a'longitudinal bar 26 secured in the other side of said guide after said rollers have been placed in position. The sprocket-chain 23 in passing through the. guide 24 rides on the rollers 25. These rollers might be omitted andthe sprocket-chain permitted to travel on and in direct contact with the bottom of the guide.

The sprocket-chain 23 consists of` wide and narrow links 27 and 28, respectively, with each paii of contiguous links pivotauy con nected at 29, as illustrated in Fig. 7.' This sprocket-.chain does not differ materially from the ordinary type, but each of its linkshas journaled in the center thereof aworkholding member, here presented in the form of a screw 30. The head 31 of the screw 30 is inset in the inner side of its link (27 or 28), said screw extends outwardly through said link, has a toothed index-wheel 32 mounted on top of the holder 24 is wide enough to permit -the index-wheel on the screw to pass therethrough, and saidl index-wheel is so located on said screw, inside of the nut 34 on the screw,

that the index-wheel'passes through said slot with the traveling sprocket-chain 23. The maximum diameter of the index-wheel 32 is less than the'width of the narrow links 28, consequently portions of said links, as well as of the wide links 27, pass beneath the overhanging flanges 55 of the guide 24. v

Two index-fingers 36 are let into and secured to two lugs 37 that rise from the oor 4 behind*- the guide 24. The index-fingers 36 extend forwardly into the recesses 57 jin the rear flange 55 and back side' of the guide 24, and into the path of the index-wheel teeth whiehare contiguous with the back side of the slot 56.

Let into the underside of the plate 10, and bolted or otherwise secured to said plate, is a bar that constitutes a broach holder 38. This holder is directly above the guide 24, and securedto the ends thereof are depending lugs 39-39. Tapped into the front lug 39 is a orizontal bolt 40. The bolt 40 is 1n the vertical center of the front lug, and below set-nut 41 thereon in front of said lug. The

lugs 39 are fastened to the holder 38 by means of screws 42 which pass through said lugs to be tapped into said holder.

As illustrated in Figs. 6, 8, and 9, there are three sets of broaches carried by the holder 38, each set consisting of two side-cutting breaches 43 and an end-cutting broach. 44. The broaches in each set are of equal lengths,

and the three sets are spaced equal distances apart. Each broach 44 is between two of the broaehes 43.

There is a dove-tail slot 45 in the longitudinal center of the bottom of the holder 38,

cutting edges of the teeth are on aplane which inclines downwardly and rearwardly from front to back, as is customary. The rear end portion of each breachl 44 is of a depth, when said breach is located in the holder 38, te cut slots of the required depth in the work. A

' filler er spacer 46 isinserted between the bolt 40 and the adjacent end kof the foremost breach 44, a spacer 47 is inserted between the back lug 39 and the adjacent end of the rearmost breach 44, and spacers 58+58 are injserted between adjacent ends of said two breaches and the intermediate breach 44. These spacers have their upper edges formed, like the upper edges of the central, end-cut ting breaches, to fit the slet 45, and except in length said spacers are alike. Upon removing either screw 42 and the lug 39 held in place thereby, the way is open for inserting er withdrawing the vbreaches 44 and the spacers 46 and 47 in or from the holder 38. After the breaches 44 and the-spacers have been inserted yin the slet 45 in the holder, they are rigidly secured in place by screwing the bolt 40 tightly against the front endA of the foremost spacer and .thereby forcing the spacerS and breaches inte close contact at the ends and the rearmost spacer hard against the back lug 39.

The side-cutting breaches 43 are inverted L-shaped in cross section, and they are let inte the underside of the holder 38 and secured `thereto by means of bolts 48 which pass upwardly through the horizontal parts of said breaches to be tapped into said holder from below. The breaches 43 are arranged in pairs, and those in each pair are located on opposite sides of one of the breaches 44, with the horizental parts of said first-named breaches extending outwardly. The teeth of the breaches 43 are on the linside of the vertical parts thereof, and extend upwardly from the bottom edges of said parts. The distance between the serrated parts of the breaches 43 in each pair at the ends is equal to the distance between two parallel sides of the blank 35 when cut, but the planes in which the cutting edges of the breach teeth are located converge slightly from front te rear, 1n the usual manner and for the usual reason. It will new be understood that the breaches 43 and 44 in `each set make their deepest cuts with their rear-end portions. The breaches 43 can be removed from the holder 38 simply by unscrewing the belts 48.

As each blank 35 is carried between the breaches 43 and beneath the breach 44 in each set, opposite sides of said blank are cut by said breaches 43 to form two parallel sides en the blank and two slots are cut by said breach-44 in the top of the blank, such slots being inline with each other and extending through the edge portions at the top of the blank from the outer to the inner periphery thereof, and parallel with the aforesaid sides.

The breaches 43 extend downwardly below the level of the tops of the nuts 34 en the screws 30, as the latter are carried by the sprocket-chain 23 through the guide' 24, cen- -sequently said breaches are in position to act on blanks 35 mounted on said screws above lsaid nuts. The breaches '44 project below the holder 38 a sufficient distance to make the required cuts in a'blank 35, when in position on one of the screws 30 and nuts 34, without cutting into said screw. It is to be understood that, when a blank 35 is screwed on te any screw 30 until said blank is in contactwith the nut 34 en said screw, the screw pene-i trates the blank a suiicient distance te support it while being breached, but leaving a suiiicient portion of the blank at the upper end free and clear te have the slots cut therein by the breaches 44 without the latter contactnut 34 thereon as said screw arrives at or adjacent te the front entrance to the space between the walls 3. The blanks 35, thus placed in operative position on the moving sprocket-chain 23, are quickly carried into contact with the irst set of breaches 43 and 44, by the upper reach of the sprocket-chain 23 as it passes through the guide 24 riding en the rollers 25. Each blank 35, after passing between the breaches 43 and under the breach 44'in the first set, emerges from said set with two opposite sides slabbed eil er cut away, as illustrated at 4949, and two slots cut in the top thereof, as illustrated at E30-50, in Fig. 3. When the blank thus cut leaves the first set of breaches, the index-wheel 32, on the screw 30 on which said blank is mounted, encounters the first index-finger 36 and has imlOfi `lle

parted thereto by said finger one-sixth of a revelut-ien. The partial revolution thus imparted to the index\vlieel is imparted te the screw and the blank thereon, with the result that said blank is caused te assume a new position and be in readiness to have two more -sides cut thereon and two more slots cut When the blank is 'second index-finger 36, and by reason of contact with said linger has imparted thereto a second one-sixth o f a revolution (as shown inmounted.- The blank is now in position and ready to have the remaining two sides cut thereon and the remaininv' two slots cut therein. These last-name sides and slots are cut by the thirdset of broaches 43 and 44, and are respectively indicated at 53-53 and 54--54, in Fig.,5. The blank thus faced olll and slotted and thereby converted into a castellated nut, as 59, is removed afterlit leaves the third set of broaches and arrives at or adjacent to the rear end of the space between the walls 3, by an operator, at the rear end of the machine, who quickly spins said nut ott' of its supporting screw.

By the means and in the manner described I above one blank aft-er another is converted intoa castell'ated nut in a practically continuous operation. 1 l

-In passing through the slot 56 in the top of theguide 24, the outer ends of the transversely disposed teeth of the'index-wheels 32 contact with the sides of said slot and thus 'prevent said index-wheels and the screws on which they are mounted,`with the blanks on said screws, from rotating, except when said wheelsarrive at the transverse spaces cesses,

or recessesA 57 .provided in the guide flanges for the accommodation ot' the ndex-iin gers 3G and for indexing purposes. the recesses 57 in both flanges and opposite to each other, the index-wheels would be un able to turn. As it is, when each index-wheel arrives at each pair of the 'oppositely-dis` posed recesses 57, the teeth of saidindex wheel are clear of the guide flanges 55, and said wheel is free to be indexed by the index-lingers 36 that project into `theback reand is indexed.- The broaches 43, and also the broaches 44, tend to prevent lthe blanks 35 from rotating as they pass between and in contact with said broaches.

In the event it be not desired' to slot the work at the end, the broaches 44 are removed from the holder 28; and, in the event it be desired only so to slot the work,the broaches 43 are re.- mo'ved from the holder, All but one set of broaches is removed, when it is desired only to face olf two sides of and cut a. slot or slots parallel wit-h said sides in the work. In this last l event the index-fingers 36-are removed, inas- 1 square nuts, and the broaches 44 much as the workisnot indexed. If merely a slot or slots inl one direction be all that is required, only one broach 44 is used; and if but 'two sides are to be faced ofi', without any slot or slots, only twobroaches43 are used, and here again no indexing takes place. Two complete sets only of broaches are employed for cutting are omitted Without in the event said nuts are not to be castellated. The two broaches 43 are omitted and the two pairs of broaches 44 retained, when slots in two directions are desired,- without the faced sides. For indexing purposes, in cutting square nuts, or slots in two directions, orr both, index wheels having four teeth are substituted on the. screws 30 for the index-wheels 32-having six teeth. Obviously there may be provided more than three completesets of cutters to act on blanks which it is desired to convert into nut-s or other objects having more t-han six sides, and more than three continuous or six interrupted slots. Here, again, the endcutting broaches may be employed alone, or the side-cutting broaches may be employedl alone. The index-Wheels in these latter 'cases have two additional teeth, and an extra indexfinger is provided, for each additional set of broaches, or each additional broach 44, or pair of broaches 43. 7

If one side only of an object is to be finished, a single broach 43 is attached to the holder 38 in position to act on such side, and

an abutment 6() is attached to said holder in position to serve as a guide for said object while being carried past said broach and acted on therebysee Fig. 10. The abutment 6() is similar to one of the broaches 43, except that said abutment isnot serrated. By providing .a plurality of broaches 43 on one side, with a plurality of abutments on guides on the other f side, and using, the indexing means or mecha.-

nism, a plurality of sides can be formed on an object. One or more of the end-cutting broaches may be used, if necessary, in connection with the single side-cutting broach and the opposite guide 60, or with pluralities of the two latter.

The end-cutting broaches may be used for facing-oil" as well as for slotting the work.

In addition vto the'changes and modiications hereinbefore specifically pointed out, other changes and modifications may be made in this machine, without departing from the spirit of my invention, or exceeding the scope of what is claimed. y

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a broaching machine, a broach holder having a longitudinal dove-tail slot therein, and provided with end lugs, a bolt in one of said lugs, and broaches and spacers adapted to fit within said slot and be held at the ends between one of said lugs and said bolt in the other of said lugs.

2. In a broaching machine, abroach holder, broaches angular in cross section, and `having teeth on the parts thereof that are parallel with each other, and means to secure-the other parts of said broaches, those which extend outwardly from said parallel parts, tolsaid 

